![]() ![]() To account for covarying use of disciplinary tactics, the analyses were redone first for the 73% who had reported using at least one discipline tactic and second by controlling for usage of other disciplinary tactics and psychotherapy. All analyses were repeated for grounding, privilege removal, and sending children to their room, and for psychotherapy. The comprehensiveness and reliability of the covariate measure of initial antisocial behavior were varied to test for residual confounding. on spanking and antisocial behavior using a sample of 785 children who were 6 to 9 years old in the 1988 cohort of the American National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. This study re-analyzed a study by Straus et al. This study re-analyzes the strongest causal evidence against customary spanking and uses these same methods to determine whether alternative disciplinary tactics are more effective in reducing antisocial behavior. ![]() Further, the small effects in those studies could be artifactual due to residual confounding, reflecting child effects on the frequency of all disciplinary tactics. None of those studies have investigated alternative disciplinary tactics that parents could use instead of spanking, however. ![]() The strongest causal evidence that customary spanking increases antisocial behavior is based on prospective studies that control statistically for initial antisocial differences. ![]()
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